For people with IBS, certain foods may worsen symptoms, especially those that are gas-forming, difficult to digest, or affect intestinal motility. The most common triggers contain fermentable carbohydrates, known as FODMAPs, but individual responses vary widely.
What Are FODMAPs – and Why Does the Gut React to Them?
FODMAPs are a group of carbohydrates that ferment in the large intestine when they are not fully absorbed in the small intestine. For individuals with IBS, this can lead to:
Bloating
Gas
Diarrhoea or constipation
Cramping or abdominal discomfort
FODMAP stands for:
Fermentable
Oligosaccharides (fructans, galactans)
Disaccharides (lactose)
Monosaccharides (excess fructose)
Polyols (sorbitol, mannitol)
Reducing these foods can ease symptoms for many people, especially during a low-FODMAP phase.
Common Foods That Often Trigger Symptoms
Vegetables and legumes:
Onion, garlic, leek
Asparagus, artichoke, cauliflower
Lentils, beans, chickpeas
Fruits and berries:
Apples, pears, watermelon
Mango, peach, cherries
Dried fruit (e.g., raisins, apricots)
Grains:
Wheat, rye, barley (gluten-free alternatives may be gentler because they often contain fewer fructans)
Whole-grain breads and crispbreads
Dairy:
Milk, yoghurt, cream (due to lactose)
Ice cream and other dairy-based desserts
Sweeteners and drinks:
Honey
Sorbitol, xylitol and other sugar alcohols
Alcohol and carbonated beverages
Coffee (can stimulate the gut in some individuals)
It’s Not Only What You Eat – But How
Large portions may trigger symptoms even when the foods themselves are considered gentle
Cold meals or eating while stressed can influence intestinal movement
Certain combinations such as lactose + fat + fructose can feel more challenging for some people with IBS
Many tolerate small amounts better than large amounts, especially when the gut is calm to begin with
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Cutting out too many foods on your own
Relying blindly on internet lists without testing your own tolerance
Assuming all symptoms always come from food
Forgetting that stress, sleep and physical activity can all influence gut comfort
Managing IBS is about understanding your own gut, not following rigid rules.
Tips for Identifying Your Personal Triggers
Keep a diary of food, symptoms and stress levels
Try a low-FODMAP approach together with a dietitian or knowledgeable advisor
Reintroduce foods one at a time after the elimination phase
Be patient, it can take several weeks before patterns become clear
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Many people who experience histamine sensitivity describe that certain foods tend to work less well for them — especially foods that are aged, cured or fermented. Some fruits, vegetables and drinks can also feel more challenging for certain individuals. Reactions vary widely from person to person, and it often takes some personal tracking to understand what you react to.
Why Do Some Foods Contain More Histamine?
Histamine is formed in food when bacteria are allowed to grow, particularly during storage, curing, fermentation or when leftovers are kept too long.The longer a food is stored, the higher its histamine content tends to be.
Because of this, many people find that fresh foods are often easier to tolerate than leftovers or processed foods. How food is stored, handled and cooked can also influence histamine levels.
Foods Commonly Higher in Histamine
Below are examples of foods that many people with histamine sensitivity report reacting to.Tolerance varies — this list is a guide, not a strict rulebook.
Animal Products
Aged cheeses (parmesan, brie, camembert)
Cured meats (salami, ham, sausages)
Smoked or canned fish (tuna, mackerel, sardines)
Leftovers that were not cooled quickly
Liver and organ meats
Fermented Products
Sauerkraut
Soy sauce, tamari, miso
Kimchi
Drinks
Red wine, beer, champagne
Coffee and energy drinks
Fermented teas
Vegetables & Fruit
Tomato
Spinach
Aubergine (eggplant)
Strawberries
Avocado
Citrus fruits (may also act as histamine-releasers for some)
Foods That May Act as Histamine-Releasers
Some foods are low in histamine but are described by some people as stimulating the body’s own release of histamine. These are sometimes referred to as “histamine liberators.”
Commonly mentioned examples include:
Chocolate
Shellfish
Nuts
Banana
Egg white
Alcohol (especially red wine and beer)
Certain preservatives and colourings (specific E-numbers)
The effect is highly individual — and for many, the combination of several histamine-affecting foods at the same time has a greater impact than any single food.
Lower-Histamine Options
Even though the “avoid” list may feel long, many people with histamine sensitivity describe that certain foods tend to work better for them. Individual tolerance varies, but the following examples are frequently mentioned in low-histamine guides and by individuals who follow a low-histamine approach:
Protein
Fresh chicken, turkey
Carbohydrates
Rice, quinoa, potatoes, buckwheat
Vegetables
Zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, lettuce
Fruit
Pear, apple, blueberries,
Fats
Olive oil, Coconut oil
Tips for Managing Histamine in Daily Life
Many people find the following strategies helpful:
Choose fresh ingredients and cook meals right away
Avoid long-stored leftovers — or cool them quickly and eat within 24 hours
Read ingredient lists carefully
Cook at home to stay in control of all ingredients
Keep a food and symptom diary to identify your personal patterns
What Influences Histamine Levels Beyond Food?
Although diet plays a role in histamine sensitivity, it’s rarely the whole picture.Gut health, stress levels and medication use can also influence how the body handles histamine.